Anesthesiology physicians provide anesthesia care for a wide range of surgical procedures including general, orthopedic, urology, gynecology, and obstetric surgeries. Their responsibilities include administering general, spinal, epidural, and regional anesthesia, managing pain, and performing advanced procedures such as central line placement and ventilation management. They work in inpatient settings, often responding to urgent call schedules, and utilize EMR systems like Meditech to support patient care.